Dr. Gita   Ramjee
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Dr. Gita Ramjee

Research Director
South African Medical Research Council, South Africa


Highest Degree
Ph.D. in Kidney Diseases in Childhood from University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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Biography

Dr. Gita Ramjee is currently working as Director and Chief Specialist Scientist at South African Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention Research Unit, South Africa. She has completed her Ph.D. in Kidney Diseases in Childhood from University of Natal, South Africa. Her main area of interest focuses on Biomedical Sciences. Her area of expertise includes HIV/TB prevention and treatment, HIV infection, Microbicides, Treatment and care, Women, Clinical trials. She has published 151 research articles in journals contributed as author/co-author. Dr. Ramjee’s research in HIV prevention was awarded one of the largest grants ever made by the National Institutes of Health for research conducted outside of the United States. As the Director of the HIV Prevention Research Unit, Dr Ramjee built the units scientific staff from 22 to 350, and helped it gain an international reputation. Dr Ramjee’s commitment to HIV prevention research and attention to high-quality data and ethical research was instrumental in gaining the Unit substantial international donor and sponsor support. In 2012, Dr Ramjee received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the international Microbicide Conference for her major contribution over two decades to global scientific knowledge in the field of HIV prevention.

Area of Interest:

Biomedical Sciences
100%
Microbicides
62%
HIV Prevention
90%
TB Treatment
75%
HIV Treatment
55%

Research Publications in Numbers

Books
0
Chapters
0
Articles
0
Abstracts
0

Selected Publications

  1. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2015. Biological impact of recurrent sexually transmitted infections on HIV seroconversion among women in South Africa: Results from frailty models. J. Int. AIDS Soc., Vol. 18, No. 1. 10.7448/IAS.18.1.19866.
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  2. Street, R.A., T. Reddy and G. Ramjee, 2015. The generational effect on age disparate partnerships and the risk for human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections acquisition. Int. J. STD AIDS, (In Press). 10.1177/0956462415592325.
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  3. Sookrajh, Y., S. Naidoo and G. Ramjee, 2015. Shared responsibility for ensuring appropriate management of incidental findings: A case study from South Africa. J. Med. Ethics, 41: 281-283.
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  4. Roberts, H.E., J. Hurst, N. Robinson, H. Brown and P. Flanagan et al., 2015. Structured observations reveal slow HIV-1 CTL escape. PLoS Genet., Vol. 11. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004914.
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  5. Ramjee, G. and S. Naidoo, 2015. The road ahead: Working towards effective clinical translation of biomedical HIV prevention strategies. Future Virol., 10: 271-282.
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  6. Noguchi, L.M., B.A. Richardson, J.M. Baeten, S.L. Hillier and J.E. Balkus et al., 2015. Risk of HIV-1 acquisition among women who use different types of injectable progestin contraception in South Africa: A prospective cohort study. Lancet HIV, 2: e279-e287.
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  7. Mensch, B.S., P.M. Gorbach, C. Kelly, P. Kiepiela and K. Gomez et al., 2015. Characteristics associated with HIV drug resistance among women screening for an HIV prevention trial in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. AIDS Behav., (In Press). 10.1007/s10461-015-1056-4.
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  8. Mayer, K.H. and G. Ramjee, 2015. The current status of the use of oral medication to prevent HIV transmission. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS, 10: 226-232.
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  9. Marrazzo, J.M., G. Ramjee, B.A. Richardson, K. Gomez and N. Mgodi et al., 2015. Tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women. New Engl. J. Med., 372: 509-518.
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  10. Kelly, C.A., B.A. Friedland, N.S. Morar, L.L. Katzen, G. Ramjee, M.M. Mokgatle and K. Ahmed, 2015. To tell or not to tell: Male partner engagement in a phase 3 microbicide efficacy trial in South Africa. Cult. Health Sexuality, 17: 1004-1020.
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  11. Abbai, N.S., P. Moodley, T. Reddy, T.G. Zondi, S. Rambaran, K. Naidoo and G. Ramjee, 2015. Clinical evaluation of the OneStep gonorrhea RapiCard InstaTest for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in symptomatic patients from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J. Clin. Microbiol., 53: 1348-1350.
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  12. Abbai, N.S., H. Wand and G. Ramjee, 2015. Socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with HSV-2 sero-prevalence in high risk women in KwaZulu-Natal. BMC Res. Notes, Vol. 8. 10.1186/s13104-015-1093-0.
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  13. Ramjee, G. and H. Wand, 2014. Geographical clustering of high risk sexual behaviors in hot-spots for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. AIDS Behav., 18: 317-322.
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  14. Parry, C.D., N.K. Morojele, B.J. Myers, C.T. Kekwaletswe and S.O. Manda et al., 2014. Efficacy of an alcohol-focused intervention for improving adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and HIV treatment outcomes-a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Infect. Dis., Vol. 14. 10.1186/1471-2334-14-500.
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  15. Naidoo, S., H. Wand, N.S. Abbai and G. Ramjee, 2014. High prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections among women living in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. AIDS Res. Therapy, Vol. 11. 10.1186/1742-6405-11-31.
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  16. Kiepiela, P., J. Manasa, M.Y. Moosa, P. Moodley and M. Gordon et al., 2014. HIV drug resistance patterns at the epicentre of the HIV-1 epidemic in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa 2003-2013. J. AIDS Clin. Res., Vol. 5. 10.4172/2155-6113.1000299.
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  17. Guffey, M.B., B. Richardson, M. Husnik, B. Makanani and D. Chilongozi et al., 2014. HPTN 035 phase II/IIb randomised safety and effectiveness study of the vaginal microbicides BufferGel and 0.5% PRO 2000 for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in women. Sexually Transmitted Infect. 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051537.
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  18. Gorbach, P.M., C.W. Kelly, J.A. Borgerding, G. Ramjee and T. Tembo et al., 2014. Effects of partnership change on microbicide gel adherence in a clinical trial (HPTN 035). AIDS Behav., 18: 855-861.
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  19. Crook, A.M., D. Ford, M. Gafos, R. Hayes and A. Kamali et al., 2014. Injectable and oral contraceptives and risk of HIV acquisition in women: An analysis of data from the MDP301 trial. Hum. Reprod., 29: 1810-1817.
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  20. Blanchard, K., T. Chipato, G. Ramjee, T. Nhemachena and C.C. Harper, 2014. Clinicians' perceptions and provision of hormonal contraceptives for HIV-positive and at-risk women in Southern Africa: An original research article. Contraception, 90: 391-398.
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  21. Balkus, J.E., B.A. Richardson, L.K. Rabe, T.E. Taha and N. Mgodi et al., 2014. Bacterial vaginosis and the risk of Trichomonas vaginalis acquisition among HIV-1 negative women. Sexually Transmitted Dis., 41: 123-128.
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  22. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2013. High prevalence of obesity among women who enrolled in HIV prevention trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Healthy diet and life style messages should be integrated into HIV prevention programs. BMC Public Health, Vol. 13. 10.1186/1471-2458-13-159.
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  23. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2013. Evaluating HIV prevention efforts using semiparametric regression models: Results from a large cohort of women participating in an HIV prevention trial from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J. Int. AIDS Soc., Vol. 16, No. 1. 10.7448/IAS.16.1.18589.
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  24. The Spartac Trial Investigators, 2013. Short-course antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 368: 207-217.
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  25. Stohr, W., S. Fidler, M. McClure, J. Weber and D. Cooper et al., 2013. Duration of HIV-1 viral suppression on cessation of antiretroviral therapy in primary infection correlates with time on therapy. PLoS ONE, Vol. 8. 10.1371/journal.pone.0078287.
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  26. Richardson, B.A., C. Kelly, G. Ramjee, T. Fleming and B. Makanani et al., 2013. Appropriateness of hydroxyethylcellulose gel as a placebo control in vaginal microbicide trials: A comparison of the two control arms of HPTN 035. J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 63: 120-125.
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  27. Ramjee, G. and B. Daniels, 2013. Women and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Res. Therapy, Vol. 10. 10.1186/1742-6405-10-30.
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  28. Parikh, U.M., P. Kiepiela, S. Ganesh, K. Gomez and S. Horn et al., 2013. Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among women screening for HIV prevention trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (MTN-009). PLoS ONE, Vol. 8. 10.1371/journal.pone.0059787.
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  29. Naidoo, S., N.S. Morar and G. Ramjee, 2013. Participants as community-based peer educators: Impact on a clinical trial site in KwaZulu-Natal. South Afr. J. Sci., 109: 1-5.
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  30. Morse, J., T. Chipato, K. Blanchard, T. Nhemachena and G. Ramjee et al., 2013. Provision of long-acting reversible contraception in HIV-prevalent countries: Results from nationally representative surveys in Southern Africa. BJOG: Int. J. Obstetr. Gynaecol., 120: 1386-1394.
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  31. McCoy, S.I., W. Zheng, E.T. Montgomery, K. Blanchard and A. van der Straten et al., 2013. Oral and injectable contraception use and risk of HIV acquisition among women in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS, 27: 1001-1009.
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  32. Kacanek, D., A. Bostrom, E.T. Montgomery, G. Ramjee and G. de Bruyn et al., 2013. Intimate partner violence and condom and diaphragm nonadherence among women in an HIV prevention trial in Southern Africa. J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 64: 400-408.
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  33. Holt, K., K. Blanchard, T. Chipato, T. Nhemachena and M. Blum et al., 2013. A nationally representative survey of healthcare provider counselling and provision of the female condom in South Africa and Zimbabwe. BMJ Open, Vol. 3. 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002208.
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  34. Harichund, C., K. Haripersad and G. Ramjee, 2013. Participant verification: Prevention of co-enrolment in clinical trials in South Africa. South Afr. Med. J., 103: 491-493.
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  35. Haire, B., M.O. Folayan, C. Hankins, J. Sugarman, S. McCormack, G. Ramjee and M. Warren, 2013. Ethical considerations in determining standard of prevention packages for HIV prevention trials: Examining PrEP. Dev. World Bioethics, 13: 87-94.
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  36. Gaffoor, Z., H. Wand, B. Daniels and G. Ramjee, 2013. High risk sexual behaviors are associated with sexual violence among a cohort of women in Durban, South Africa. BMC Res. Notes, Vol. 6. 10.1186/1756-0500-6-532.
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  37. Abbai, N.S., H. Wand and G. Ramjee, 2013. Sexually transmitted infections in women participating in a biomedical intervention trial in Durban: Prevalence, coinfections and risk factors. J. Sexually Transmitted Dis. 10.1155/2013/358402.
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  38. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2012. The relationship between age of coital debut and HIV seroprevalence among women in Durban, South Africa. BMJ Open, Vol. 2. 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000285.
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  39. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2012. The effects of injectable hormonal contraceptives on HIV seroconversion and on sexually transmitted infections. AIDS, 26: 375-380.
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  40. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2012. Assessing and evaluating the combined impact of behavioural and biological risk factors for HIV seroconversion in a cohort of South African women. AIDS Care, 24: 1155-1162.
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  41. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2012. Analyzing continuous measures in HIV prevention research using semiparametric regression and parametric regression models: How to use data to get the (right) answer? Aids Behav., 16: 1448-1453.
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  42. Sheldon, W.R., T. Nhemachena, K. Blanchard, T. Chipato and G. Ramjee et al., 2012. Male circumcision for HIV prevention: Clinical practices and attitudes among healthcare providers in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Sexually Transmitted Dis., 39: 567-575.
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  43. Ramjee, G., H. Wand, C. Whitaker, S. McCormack, N. Padian, C. Kelly and A. Nunn, 2012. HIV incidence among non-pregnant women living in selected rural, semi-rural and urban areas in kwazulu-natal, South Africa. AIDS Behav., 16: 2062-2071.
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  44. Ramjee, G. and H. Wand, 2012. Population-level impact of hormonal contraception on incidence of HIV infection and pregnancy in women in Durban, South Africa. Bull. World Health Organ., 90: 748-755.
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  45. Ramjee, G. and B. Daniels, 2012. Targeted combination HIV prevention packages to halt the global HIV epidemic. J. Aids Clin. Res. .
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  46. Mugisha, J.O., K. Donegan, S. Fidler, G. Ramjee and A. Hodson et al., 2012. Mean corpuscular volume as a marker for adherence to zidovudine-containing therapy in HIV-infected adults. Open Aids J., 6: 45-52.
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  47. Morrison, C.S., S. Skoler-Karpoff, C. Kwok, P.L. Chen and J. van de Wijgert et al., 2012. Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition among women in South Africa. Aids, 26: 497-504.
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  48. Montgomery, E.T., B. van der Pol, A. van der Straten, G. Ramjee and G. de Bruyn et al., 2012. Discrepancies in diagnosis of incident HIV infection between antibody- and DNA-based tests in a phase III prevention trial in southern Africa. Int. J. STD AIDS, 23: 649-652.
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  49. Kacanek, D., A. Dennis, N.N. Sahin-Hodoglugil, E.T. Montgomery and N. Morar et al., 2012. A qualitative study of obstacles to diaphragm and condom use in an HIV prevention trial in Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Educ. Prev., 24: 54-67.
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  50. Harper, C.C., K. Holt, T. Nhemachena, T. Chipato and G. Ramjee et al., 2012. Willingness of clinicians to integrate microbicides into HIV prevention practices in Southern Africa. Aids Behav., 16: 1821-1829.
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  51. Dezzutti, C.S., B.A. Richardson, J.M. Marrazzo, J. Tugetman and G. Ramjee et al., 2012. Mucosal Escherichia coli bactericidal activity and immune mediators are associated with HIV-1 seroconversion in women participating in the HPTN 035 Trial. J. Infect. Dis., 206: 1931-1935.
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  52. Chirenje, Z.M., B.R. Masse, L.A. Maslankowski, G. Ramjee and A.S. Coletti et al., 2012. Utility of colposcopy in a phase 2 portion of a microbicide clinical trial of BufferGel and 0.5% PRO 2000 Gel. J. Int. Aids Soc., Vol. 15. 10.7448/IAS.15.2.17376.
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  53. Wand, H., C. Whitaker and G. Ramjee, 2011. Geoadditive models to assess spatial variation of HIV infections among women in local communities of Durban, South Africa. Int. J. Health Geogr., Vol. 10. .
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  54. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2011. Combined impact of sexual risk behaviors for HIV seroconversion among women in Durban, South Africa: Implications for prevention policy and planning. Aids Behaviour., 15: 479-486.
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  55. Venkatesh, K.K., G. de Bruyn, K.H. Mayer, H. Cheng and K. Blanchard et al., 2011. Changes in sexual risk behavior before and after HIV seroconversion in Southern African women enrolled in a HIV prevention trial. JAIDS J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 57: 435-441.
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  56. Venkatesh, K.K., A. van der Straten, K.H. Mayer, K. Blanchard and G. Ramjee et al., 2011. African women recently infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2 have increased risk of acquiring Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in the methods for improving reproductive health in Africa trial. Sexually Transmitted Dis., 38: 562-570.
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  57. Venkatesh, K.K., A. van der Straten, H. Cheng, E.T. Montgomery and M.N. Lurie et al., 2011. The relative contribution of viral and bacterial sexually transmitted infections on HIV acquisition in southern African women in the methods for improving reproductive health in Africa study. Int. J. STD AIDS, 22: 218-224.
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  58. Taylor, D.J., C.C. Lie, M. Weaver, E. Tolley and L. van Damme et al., 2011. Notes on the frequency of routinely collected and self-reported behavioral data in HIV prevention trials. Aids Behav., 15: 389-395.
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  59. Sahin-Hodoglugil, N., E. Montgomery, D. Kacanek, N. Morar and E. Mtetwa et al., 2011. User experiences and acceptability attributes of the diaphragm and lubricant gel in an HIV prevention trial in southern Africa. Aids Care, 23: 1026-1034.
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  60. Ramjee, G., 2011. Microbicides for HIV prevention. Indian J. Med. Res., 134: 930-938.
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  61. Ramjee, G., 2011. Antiretroviral-based microbicides and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. Future Virol., 6: 997-1014.
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  62. Mensch, B.S., P.C. Hewett, S. Abbott, J. Rankin and S. Littlefield et al., 2011. Assessing the reporting of adherence and sexual activity in a simulated microbicide trial in South Africa: An interview mode experiment using a placebo gel. Aids Behav., 15: 407-421.
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  63. Mavedzenge, S.N., H.A. Weiss, E.T. Montgomery, K. Blanchard and G. de Bruyn et al., 2011. Determinants of differential HIV incidence among women in three southern African locations. JAIDS J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 58: 89-99.
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  64. Marais, D., D. Gawarecki, B. Allan, K. Ahmed and L. Altini et al., 2011. The effectiveness of carraguard, a vaginal microbicide, in protecting women against high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Antiviral Ther., 16: 1219-1226.
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  65. Karim, S.S.A., B.A. Richardson, G. Ramjee, I.F. Hoffman and Z.M. Chirenje et al., 2011. Safety and effectiveness of BufferGel and 0.5% PRO2000 gel for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Aids, 25: 957-996.
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  66. De Bruyn, G., S. Shiboski, A. van der Straten, K. Blanchard and T. Chipato et al., 2011. The effect of the vaginal diaphragm and lubricant gel on acquisition of HSV-2. Sexually Transmitted Infect., 87: 301-305.
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  67. Blanchard, K., K. Holt, A. Bostrom, A. van der Straten and G. Ramjee et al., 2011. Impact of learning HIV status on contraceptive use in the MIRA trial. J. Family Plann. Reprod. Health Care, 37: 204-208.
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  68. Blanchard, K., A. Bostrom, E. Montgomery, A. van der Straten and N. Lince et al., 2011. Contraception use and effectiveness among women in a trial of the diaphragm for HIV prevention. Contraception, 83: 556-563.
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  69. Auvert, B., D. Marais, P. Lissouba, K. Zarca, G. Ramjee and A.L. Williamson, 2011. High-risk human papillomavirus is associated with HIV acquisition among South African female sex workers. Infect. Dis. Obstetr. Gynecol. 10.1155/2011/692012.
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  70. Wand, H. and G. Ramjee, 2010. Targeting the hotspots: Investigating spatial and demographic variations in HIV infection in small communities in South Africa. J. Int. Aids Soc., Vol. 13. 10.1186/1758-2652-13-41.
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  71. Van der Straten, A., H. Cheng, A. Chidanyika, G. de Bruyn, N. Padian and The MIRA Team, 2010. Vaginal practices and associations with barrier methods and gel use among sub-Saharan African women enrolled in an HIV prevention trial. Aids Behav., 14: 590-599.
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  72. Ramjee, G., N. Coumi, N. Dladla-Qwabe, S. Ganesh, S. Gappoo, R. Govinden and T. Palanee, 2010. Research experiences in conducting multiple community-based HIV prevention trials among women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Aids Res. Ther., Vol. 7. .
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  73. Ramjee, G., A. Kamali and S. McCormack, 2010. The last decade of microbicide clinical trials in Africa: From hypothesis to facts. Aids, 24: S40-S49.
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  74. Ramjee, G., 2010. Microbicide research: Current and future directions. Curr. Opin. HIV Aids, 5: 316-321.
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  75. Montgomery, E.T., H. Cheng, A. van der Straten, A.C. Chidanyika and N. Lince et al., 2010. Acceptability and use of the diaphragm and replens® lubricant gel for HIV prevention in southern Africa. Aids Behav., 14: 629-638.
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  76. McCormack, S., G. Ramjee, A. Kamali, H. Rees and A.M. Crook et al., 2010. PRO2000 vaginal gel for prevention of HIV-1 infection (Microbicides Development Programme 301): A phase 3, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Lancet, 376: 1329-1337.
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  77. Mavedzenge, S.N., B.V.D. Pol, H. Cheng, E.T. Montgomery and K. Blanchard et al., 2010. Epidemiological synergy of Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV in Zimbabwean and South African women. Sex Transm Dis., 37: 460-466.
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  78. Altini, L., K. Blanchard, N. Coetzee, A. de Kock and C. Elias et al., 2010. Expanded safety and acceptability of the candidate vaginal microbicide carraguard® in South Africa. Contraception, 82: 563-571.
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  79. Van der Straten, A., S. Shiboski, E.T. Montgomery, J. Moore and G. De Bruyn et al., 2009. Patterns and predictors of adherence to diaphragm use in a phase III trial in sub-Saharan Africa: A trajectory analysis. J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 50: 419-426.
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  80. Van der Straten, A., H. Cheng, J. Moore, D. Kacanek and K. Blanchard et al., 2009. The use of the diaphragm instead of condoms in a phase III diaphragm trial. Aids Behav., 13: 564-572.
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  81. Sahin-Hodoglugil, N.N., A. van der Straten, H. Cheng, E.T. Montgomery and D. Kacanek et al., 2009. Degrees of disclosure: A study of women's covert use of the diaphragm in an HIV prevention trial in sub-Saharan Africa. Soc. Sci. Med., 69: 1547-1555.
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  82. Montgomery, E.T., K. Blanchard, H. Cheng, T. Chipato and G. deBruyn et al., 2009. Diaphragm and lubricant gel acceptance, skills and patterns of use among women in an effectiveness trial in Southern Africa. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care, 14: 410-419.
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  83. Marais, D.J., H. Carrara, G. Ramjee, P. Kay and A.L. Williamson, 2009. HIV-1 seroconversion promotes rapid changes in cervical Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and HPV-16 antibodies in female sex workers. J. Med. Virol.: J. Med. Virol., 81: 203-210.
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  84. Kapiga, S., C. Kelly, S. Weiss, T. Daley, L. Peterson, C. Leburg and G. Ramjee, 2009. Risk factors for incidence of sexually transmitted infections among women in South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia: Results from HPTN 055 study. Sexually Transmitted Dis., 36: 199-206.
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  85. Gappoo, S., E.T. Montgomery, C. Gerdts, S. Naidoo and A.C. Chidanyika et al., 2009. Novel strategies implemented to ensure high participant retention rates in a community based HIV prevention effectiveness trial in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Contemporary Clin. Trials, 30: 411-418.
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  86. Van Damme, L., R. Govinden, F.M. Mirembe, F. Guedou and S. Solomon et al., 2008. Lack of effectiveness of cellulose sulfate gel for the prevention of vaginal HIV transmission. N. Engl. J. Med., 359: 463-472.
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  87. Skoler-Karpoff, S., G. Ramjee, K. Ahmed, L. Altini and M.G. Plagianos et al., 2008. Efficacy of Carraguard for prevention of HIV infection among women in South Africa: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 372: 1977-1987.
  88. Ramjee, G., S. Kapiga, S. Weiss, L. Peterson and C. Leburg et al., 2008. The value of site preparedness studies for future implementation of phase 2/IIb/III HIV prevention trials: Experience from the HPTN 055 study. J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 47: 93-100.
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  89. Ramjee, G., G.F. Doncel, S. Mehendale, E.E. Tolley and K. Dickson, 2008. Microbicides 2008 conference: From discovery to advocacy. Aids Res. Ther., Vol. 5. .
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  90. Ramjee, G., A. van der Straten, T. Chipato, G. de Bruyn and K. Blanchard et al., 2008. The diaphragm and lubricant gel for prevention of cervical sexually transmitted infections: Results of a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, Vol. 3. 10.1371/journal.pone.0003488.
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  91. Hoffman, S., D. Cooper, G. Ramjee, J.A. Higgins and J.E. Mantell, 2008. Microbicide acceptability: Insights for future directions from providers and policy makers. Aids Educ. Prev., 20: 188-202.
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  92. Williams, B.G., E. Gouws, G. Ramjee and S.A. Karim, 2007. Response to Brown et al., Incident and prevalent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection increases risk of HIV acquisition among women in Uganda and Zimbabwe. Aids, 21: 2356-2357.
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  93. Van De Wijgert, J.H., S.L. Braunstein, N.S. Morar, H.E. Jones and L. Madurai et al., 2007. Carraguard vaginal gel safety in HIV-positive women and men in South Africa. JAIDS J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 46: 538-546.
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  94. Ramjee, G., R. Govinden, N.S. Morar and A. Mbewu, 2007. South Africa's experience of the closure of the cellulose sulphate microbicide trial. PLoS Policy Forum, Vol. 4. 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040235.
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  95. Ramjee, G., N.S. Morar, S. Braunstein, B. Friedland, H. Jones and J. Van De Wijgert, 2007. Acceptability of Carraguard, a candidate microbicide and methyl cellulose placebo vaginal gels among HIV-positive women and men in Durban, South Africa. AIDS Res. Ther., Vol. 4. .
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  96. Ramjee, G., N.S. Morar, J. Mtimkulu, J.E. Mantell and V. Gharbaharan, 2007. Perceptions of vaginal microbicides as an HIV prevention method among health care providers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. AIDS Res. Ther., Vol. 4. .
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  97. Ramjee, G., 2007. Microbicides in HIV prevention. Future HIV Therapy, 1: 161-170.
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  98. Padian, N.S., A. Van Der Straten, G. Ramjee, T. Chipato and G. de Bruyn et al., 2007. Diaphragm and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV acquisition in southern African women: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 370: 251-261.
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  99. Ojikutu, B., C. Jack and G. Ramjee, 2007. Provision of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: Unique challenges and remaining obstacles. J. Infect. Dis., 196: S523-S527.
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  100. Coetzer, M., T. Cilliers, M. Papathanasopoulos, G. Ramjee, S.A. Karim, C. Williamson and L. Morris, 2007. Longitudinal analysis of HIV type 1 subtype C envelope sequences from South Africa. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 23: 316-321.
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  101. Ramjee, G., R. Shattock, S. Delany, I. McGowan, N. Morar and M. Gottemoeller, 2006. Microbicides 2006 conference. AIDS Res. Ther., Vol. 3. 10.1186/1742-6405-3-25.
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  102. Marais, D., H. Carrara, P. Kay, G. Ramjee, B. Allan and A.L. Williamson, 2006. The impact of the use of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on the presence of cervical human papillomavirus in female sex workers. Virus Res., 121: 220-222.
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  103. Mantell, J.E., N.S. Morar, L. Myer and G. Ramjee, 2006. We have our protector: Misperceptions of protection against HIV among participants in a microbicide efficacy trial. Am. J. Public Health, 96: 1073-1077.
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  104. Ramjee, G., B. Williams, E. Gouws, E. Van Dyck, B. De Deken and S.A. Karim, 2005. The impact of incident and prevalent herpes simplex virus-2 infection on the incidence of HIV-1 infection among commercial sex workers in South Africa. JAIDS J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 39: 333-339.
    Direct Link  |  
  105. Mantell, J.E., L. Myer, A. Carballo-Dieguez, Z. Stein, G. Ramjee, N.S. Morar and P.F. Harrison, 2005. Microbicide acceptability research: Current approaches and future directions. Soc. Sci. Med., 60: 319-330.
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  106. Vandebosch, A., E. Goetghebeur, G. Ramjee, M. Alary, V. Ettiegne-Traore, V. Chandeying and L. Van Damme, 2004. Acceptability of COL-1492, a vaginal gel, among sex workers in one Asian and three African cities. Sexually Transmitted Infect., 80: 241-243.
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  107. Rademeyer, C., J.H. van Harmelen, G. Ramjee, S.S. Karim and C. Williamson, 2004. Heterosexual transmission of multiple highly conserved viral variants in HIV-1 subtype C-infected seronegative women. AIDS, 18: 2096-2098.
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  108. Lard-Whiteford, S.L., D. Matecka, J.O. Julian, I.S. Yuen, C. Litterst and P. Reichelderfer, 2004. Recommendations for the nonclinical development of topical microbicides for prevention of HIV transmission: An update. JAIDS J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 36: 541-552.
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  109. Grobler, J., C.M. Gray, C. Rademeyer, C. Seoighe and G. Ramjee et al., 2004. Incidence of HIV-1 dual infection and its association with increased viral load set point in a cohort of HIV-1 subtype C-infected female sex workers. J. Infect. Dis., 190: 1355-1359.
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  110. Williamson, C., L. Morris, M.F. Maughan, L.H. Ping and S.A. Dryga et al., 2003. Characterization and selection of HIV-1 subtype C isolates for use in vaccine development. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 19: 133-144.
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  111. Morar, N.S., G. Ramjee, E. Gouws and D. Wilkinson, 2003. Vaginal douching and vaginal substance use among sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Research letter. South Afr. J. Sci., 99: 371-374.
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  112. Wilkinson, D., M. Tholandi, G. Ramjee and G.W. Rutherford, 2002. Nonoxynol-9 spermicide for prevention of vaginally acquired HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: Systematic review and meta- analysis of randomised controlled trials including over 5000 women. Lancet Infectious Dis., 2: 613-661.
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  113. Wilkinson, D., G. Ramjee, M. Tholandi and G. Rutherford, 2002. Nonoxynol-9 for preventing vaginal acquisition of HIV infection by women from men. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 10.1002/14651858.CD003936.
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  114. Van Damme, L., G. Ramjee, M. Alary, B. Vuylsteke and V. Chandeying et al., 2002. COL-1492 Study Group. Effectiveness of COL-1492, a Nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV transmission in female sex-workers: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet, 360: 971-977.
  115. Ramjee, G. and E. Gouws, 2002. Prevalence of HIV among truck drivers visiting sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Sexually Trans. Dis., 29: 44-49.
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  116. Connolly, C., G. Ramjee, A. Sturm and S. Abdool Karim, 2002. Incidence of sexually transmitted infections among HIV positive sex workers in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Dis., 29: 721-724.
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  117. Bures, R., L. Morris, C. Williamson, G. Ramjee and M. Deers et al., 2002. Regional clustering of shared neutralization determinants on primary isolates of clade C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from South Africa. J. Virol., 76: 2233-2244.
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  118. Ramjee, G., E. Gouws, A. Andrews, L. Myer and A.E. Weber, 2001. The acceptability of a vaginal microbicide among South African men. Int. Family Planning Perspectives, 27: 164-170.
  119. Mashishi, T., S. Loubser, W. Hide, G. Hunt and L. Morris et al., 2001. Conserved domains of subtype C nef from South African HIV-1 infected individuals include cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope-rich regions. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovirus, 17: 1681-1687.
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  120. Kilmarx, P.H., G. Ramjee, D. Kitayaporn and P. Kunasol, 2001. Protection of human subjects rights in HIV preventative clinical trials in Africa and Asia: Experiences and recommendations. AIDS, 15: s73-s79.
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  121. Grady, C., G. Ramjee and J. Pape, 2001. Karen hofman and majorie speers ethical and legal issues in infectious disease research and control. Emerg Infect Dis., 7: 534-534.
  122. Bhimma, R., H.M. Coovadia, G. Ramjee, A. Kramvis, M. Adhikari, M.C. Kew and C.A. Connolly, 2001. Characterisation of proteinuria in asymptomatic family members and household contacts of children with hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy. AM J. Kidney Dis., 37: 125-133.
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