Dr. Loth S. Mulungu

Professor
Sokoine University of Agriculture,Tanzania

Highest Degree
Ph.D. in Ecology from Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania

My URL
https://livedna.org/255.32455

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Area of Interest:

Plant and Soil Sciences
Ecology
Agroecosystem
Harvest Indices
Plant Interactions

Selected Publications

  1. Mulungu, L.S., B.M. Mchukya and L.L. Mnyone, 2020. Trap Barrier System (TBS) as a New Tool for Rodent Pest Management in Irrigated Rice in Africa. In: Pests Control and Acarology, Haouas, D. and L. Hufnagel (Eds.)., IntechOpen Publishing, Crotia.

  2. Mlyashimbi, E.C., J. Mariën, D.N. Kimaro, A.J. Tarimo and R.S. Machang'u et al., 2019. Home ranges, sex ratio and recruitment of the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) in semi-arid areas in Tanzania. Mammalia, Vol. 84. 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0048.
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  3. Mlyashimbi, E.C., B.V. Broecke, J. Mariën, D.N. Kimaro and A.J. Tarimo et al., 2019. Soil type influences population dynamics and survival of the Multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) in semi-arid areas in Tanzania. Crop Prot., Vol. 124. 10.1016/j.cropro.2019.05.023.
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  4. Mdangi, M., D. Muhamba, A.W. Massawe and S.L. Mulungu, 2019. Rice insect pest management in selected rice irrigation schemes in Morogoro region, Tanzania. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 14: 698-704.

  5. Mayamba, A., R.M. Byamungu, R.H. Makundi, D.N. Kimaro and M. Isabirye et al., 2019. Species composition and community structure of small pest rodents (Muridae) in cultivated and fallow fields in maize‐growing areas in Mayuge district, Eastern Uganda. Ecol. Evol., 9: 7849-7860.
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  6. Mayamba, A., B.V. Broecke, H. Leirs, B.E. Isabirye and R.M. Byamungu et al., 2019. Fitness of the pestiferous small rodent Mastomys natalensis in an agroecosystem in Mayuge district, lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda. Mammalia, Vol. 84. 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0101.
    CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

  7. Lusana, M.S., A.J.P. Tarimo and L.S. Mulungu, 2019. Abundance and composition of cotton insect species in the Western Cotton Growing Area (WCGA) in Tanzania. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 7: 1087-1092.

  8. Chidodo, D.J., D.N. Kimaro, P. Hieronimo, R.H. Makundi and M. Isabirye et al., 2019. Application of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to forecast rodent population abundance in smallholder agro-ecosystems in Semi-arid areas in Tanzania. Mammalia, Vol. 84. 10.1515/mammalia-2018-0175.
    CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

  9. Mlyashimbi, E.C., J. Mariën, D.N. Kimaro, A.J. Tarimo and M. Isabirye et al., 2018. Relationships between seasonal changes in diet of Multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) and its breeding patterns in semi-arid areas in Tanzania. Cogent. Food Agric., Vol. 4. 10.1080/23311932.2018.1507509.
    CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

  10. Meliyo, J.L., K.F.G. Masuki, B.M. Msanya, D. Kimaro and L.S. Mulungu, 2018. Ecological Biogeography of West Usambara Mountains: A Study on the Influence of Abiotic Factors to Spatial Distribution of Plant and Animal Species. In: Pure and Applied Biogeography, Hufnagel, L. (Ed.)., BoD-Books on Demand, Intech, Croatia, pp: 143-166.

  11. Mariën, J., V. Sluydts, B. Borremans, S. Gryseels and B.V. Broecke et al., 2018. Arenavirus infection correlates with lower survival of its natural rodent host in a long-term capture-mark-recapture study. Parasit. Vect., Vol. 11. 10.1186/s13071-018-2674-2.
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  12. Swanepoel, L.H., C.M. Swanepoel, P.R. Brown, S.J. Eiseb and S.M. Goodman et al., 2017. A systematic review of rodent pest research in Afro-Malagasy small-holder farming systems: Are we asking the right questions? PlosOne, Vol. 12. 10.1371/journal.pone.0174554.
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  13. Mulungu, L.S., V. Ngowo, M.E. Mdangi, A.J.J. Magadula and M. Kapingu et al., 2017. Effectiveness of the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) urine extracts odour against commensal rodents. Huria: J. Open Univ. Tanzania, 24: 110-121.
    Direct Link  |  

  14. Mulungu, L.S., 2017. Control of Rodent Pests in Maize Cultivation: The Case of Africa. In: Achieving Sustainable Maize Cultivation, Watson, D. (Ed.)., Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, UK., pp: 318-337.

  15. Mdangi, M., B. Borremans, P.K. Sibuga and L.S. Mulungu, 2017. Behavioral response of Multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis, Smith 1834) on selected crude pesticidal plant extracts. Int. J. Applied Res. Stud., 10: 18-30.

  16. Brown, P.R., B. Douangboupha, N.M. Htwe, J. Jacob and L. Mulungu et al., 2017. Control of Rodent Pests in Rice Cultivation. In: Achieving Sustainable Rice Cultivation, Part 3: Rice Pests and Diseases, Dodds, F. and B. Dodds (Eds.)., Science Publishing, UK., pp: 343-376.

  17. Mwalilino, J.K, M.M. Mwendo, M.E. Mdangi and L.S. Mulungu, 2016. Evaluation of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) as stored grain protectant against maize storage weevil (Sitophilus zeamays, Motschulsky) and Larger Grain Borer (Prostephanus truncates, Horn) on stored maize grains. Afr. J. Sci. Res., 5: 7-10.
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  18. Mulungu, L.S., V. Ngowo, M.E. Mdangi, A.S. Katakweba and P. Tesha et al., 2016. Survival and recruitment of the multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis (Smith 1834), in a rice agro-ecosystem. Mammalia, 80: 205-210.
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  19. Mulungu, L.S., M.E. Mdangi and H. Lopa, 2016. Comparative study of population dynamics and breeding patterns of Mastomys natalensis in System Rice Intensification (SRI) and conventional rice production in irrigated rice ecosystems in Tanzania. J. Rice Res., Vol. 4. 10.4172/2375-4338.1000161.
    CrossRef  |  

  20. Mulungu, L.S., C.A. Sabuni, V. Ngowo, M.E. Mdangi and A.J.J. Magadula et al., 2016. Domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) urine odour as a potential rodent management strategy. Huria: J. Open Univ. Tanzania, 22: 132-139.

  21. Meliyo, J.L., B.M. Msanya, D.N. Kimaro, B.H.J. Massawe and P. Hieronimo et al., 2016. Variability of soil organic carbon with landforms and land use in the Usambara mountains of Tanzania. J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manage., 7: 123-132.
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  22. Mdangi, M., P.K. Sibuga, A.W. Massawe, J.J. Magadula and V. Ngowo et al., 2016. Farmers' knowledge, attitude and perceptions on the use of locally available plant material to prevent rodent damage to maize crop in Eastern Tanzania. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 11: 4902-4910.

  23. Sabuni, C.A., V. Sluydts, L.S. Mulungu, S.L. Maganga, R.H. Makundi and H. Leirs, 2015. Distribution and ecology of lesser pouched rat, Beamys hindei, in Tanzanian coastal forests. Integrat. Zool., 10: 531-542.
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  24. Mulungu, L.S., V. Sixbert, V. Ngowo, M. Mdangi and A.S. Katakweba et al., 2015. Spatio-temporal patterns in the distribution of the multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis, in rice crop and fallow land habitats in Tanzania. Mammalia, 793: 177-184.
    CrossRef  |  

  25. Mulungu, L.S., F.P. Mrosso, A.A.S. Katakweba, M.E. Mdangi and P.P.H. Tesha et al., 2015. Farmer's knowledge, attitude and practice on rodent management in lowland irrigated rice in Central-Eastern, Tanzania. Int. Res. J. Plant Sci., 6: 7-14.
    CrossRef  |  

  26. Mulungu, L.S., B. Borremans, V. Ngowo, M.E. Mdangi and A.S. Katakweba et al., 2015. Comparative study of movement patterns of Mastomys natalensis in irrigated rice and fallow fields in Eastern Tanzania. Afr. J. Ecol., 53: 473-479.
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  27. Msigwa, A.M., L.S. Mulungu, M.E. Mdangi and B.S. Kilonzo, 2015. Knowledge and attitudes of community on small mammalian carnivores in MBOMIPA wildlife management area, South-Central Tanzania. Afr. J. Sci. Res., 6: 46-49.

  28. Mgode, G.F., R.S. Machang’u, G.G. Mhamphi, A. Katakweba and L.S. Mulungu et al., 2015. Leptospira serovars for diagnosis of leptospirosis in humans and animals in Africa: Common Leptospira isolates and reservoir hosts. PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis., Vol. 9. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004251.
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  29. Meliyo, J.L., L. Brabers, B.J.H. Massawe, B.M. Msanya and D.N. Kimaro et al., 2015. The effect of soil physical properties and soil microclimate on rodent burrow abundance and their characteristics in Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. J. Agric. Ecol. Res. Int., 2: 105-119.

  30. Meliyo, J.L., B.J.H. Massawe, L. Brabers, B.M. Msanya and D.N. Kimaro et al., 2015. Status and variability of soil micronutrients with landforms in the plague focus of Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Int. J. Plant Soil Sci., 4: 389-403.

  31. Ralaizafisoloarivony, N.A., D.N. Kimaro, N.I. Kihupi, L.S. Mulungu and H. Leirs et al., 2014. Vegetation habitats and small mammals in a plague endemic area in Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Tanzania J. Health Res., Vol. 16. 10.4314/thrb.v16i3.6.
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  32. Mulungu, L.S., P.P. Lagwen, M.E. Mdangi, B.S. Kilonzo and S.R. Belmain, 2014. Impact of spatio-temporal simulations of rat damage on yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and implications for rodent pest management. Int. J. Pest Manag., 60: 269-274.
    CrossRef  |  

  33. Mulungu, L.S., E.C.M. Mlyashimbi, V. Ngowo, M. Mdangi and A.S. Katakweba et al., 2014. Food preferences of the multi-mammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis, in irrigated rice habitats in Tanzania. Int. J. Pest Manage., 60: 1-8.
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  34. Mgode, G.F., A.S. Katakweba, G.G. Mhamphi, F. Fwalo and M. Bahari et al., 2014. Prevalence of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis: A study of rodents and shrews in cultivated and fallow land, Morogoro rural district, Tanzania. Tanzania J. Health Res., Vol. 16. 10.4314/thrb.v16i3.11.
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  35. Meliyo, J.L., D.N. Kimaro, B.M. Msanya, L.S. Mulungu and P. Hieronimo et al., 2014. Predicting small mammal and flea abundance using landform and soil properties in a plague endemic area in Lushoto district, Tanzania. Tanzania J. Health Res., Vol. 16. 10.4314/thrb.v16i3.3.
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  36. Meliyo, J.L., B.H.J. Massawe, B.M. Msanya, D.N. Kimaro and P. Hieronimo et al., 2014. Landform and surface attributes for prediction of rodent burrows in the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Tanzania J. Health Res., Vol. 16. 10.4314/thrb.v16i3.5.
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  37. Meheretu, Y., V. Sluydts, K. Welegerima, H. Bauer and K. Teferi et al., 2014. Rodent abundance, stone bund density and its effects on crop damage in the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia. Crop Prot., 55: 61-67.

  38. Hieronimo, P., N.I. Kihupi, D.N. Kimaro, H. Gulinck, B.M. Msanya, H. Leirs and J.A. Deckers, 2014. Contribution of land use to rodent flea load distribution in the plague endemic area of Lushoto district, Tanzania. Tanzania J. Health Res., Vol. 16. 10.4314/thrb.v16i3.10.
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  39. Hieronimo, P., J. Meliyo, H. Gulinck, D.N. Kimaro and L.S. Mulungu et al., 2014. Integrating land cover and terrain characteristics to explain plague risks in West Usambara mountains, Tanzania: A geospatial approach. Tanzania J. Health Res., Vol. 16. 10.4314/thrb.v16i3.7.
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  40. Hieronimo, P., H. Gulinck, D.N. Kimaro, L.S. Mulungu and N.I. Kihupi et al., 2014. Human activity spaces and plague risks in three contrasting landscapes in Lushoto district, Tanzania. Tanzania J. Health Res., Vol. 16. 10.4314/thrb.v16i3.2.
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  41. Hieronimo, P., D.N. Kimaro, N.I. Kihupi, H. Gulinck and L.S. Mulungu et al., 2014. Land use determinants of small mammals abundance and distribution in a plague endemic area of Lushoto district, Tanzania. Tanzania J. Health Res., Vol. 16. 10.4314/thrb.v16i3.8.
    CrossRef  |  

  42. Borremans, B., N.K. Hughes, J. Reijniers, V. Sluydts and A.A.S. Katakweba et al., 2014. Happily together forever: Temporal variation in spatial patterns and complete lack of territoriality in a promiscuous rodent. Populat. Ecol., 56: 109-118.

  43. Mulungu, L.S., V. Ngowo, M. Mdangi, A.S. Katakweba and P. Tesha et al., 2013. Population dynamics and breeding patterns of multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis (Smith 1834), in irrigated rice fields in Eastern Tanzania. Pest Manage. Sci., 69: 371-377.
    CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

  44. Mdangi, M., L.S. Mulungu, A.W. Massawe, S.J. Eiseb and V. Tutjavi et al., 2013. Assessment of rodent damage to stored maize (Zea mays L.) on smallholder farms in Tanzania. Int. J. Pest Manage., 59: 55-62.
    CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

  45. Taylor, P.J., S. Downs, A. Monadjem, S.J. Eiseb and L.S. Mulungu et al., 2012. Experimental treatment-control studies of ecologically based rodent management in Africa: Balancing conservation and pest management. Wildlife Res., 39: 51-61.
    CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

  46. Katakweba, A.A.S., L.S. Mulungu, S.J. Eiseb, T.A. Mahlaba and R.H. Makundi et al., 2012. Prevalence of haemoparasites, leptospires and coccobacilli with potential for human infection in the blood of rodents and shrews from selected localities in Tanzania, Namibia and Swaziland. Afr. Zool., 47: 119-127.
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  47. Mulungu, L.S., A.W. Massawe, J. Kennis, D. Crauwels and S. Eiseb et al., 2011. Differences in diet between two rodent species, Mastomys natalensis and Gerbilliscus vicinus, in fallow land habitats in central Tanzania. Afr. Zool., 46: 387-392.
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  48. Mulungu, L.S., A.M. Themb’alilahlwa, A.W. Massawe, J. Kennis and D. Crauwels et al., 2011. Dietary differences of the multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834), across different habitats and seasons in Tanzania and Swaziland. Wildl. Res, 38: 640-646.
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  49. Monadjem, A., A.M. Themb’a, N. Dlamini, S.J. Eiseb and S.R. Belmain et al., 2011. Impact of crop cycle on movement patterns of pest rodent species between fields and houses in Africa. Wildl. Res., 38: 603-609.
    Direct Link  |  

  50. Massawe, A.W., L.S. Mulungu, R.H. Makundi, N. Dlamini and S.J Eiseb et al., 2011. Spatial and temporal population dynamics of rodents in three geographically different regions in Africa: Implication for ecologically-based rodent management. Afr. Zool., 46: 393-405.
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  51. Mulungu, L.S., V.D. Ngowo, R.H. Makundi, A.W. Massawe and H. Leirs, 2010. Winning the fight against rodent pests: Recent developments in Tanzania. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 333-340.
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  52. Mulungu, L.S., M.T. Kubala, G.G. Mhamphi, R. Misangu and M.W. Mwatawala, 2010. Efficacy of protectants against maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) and the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncates Horn) for stored maize. Int. Res. J. Plant Sci., 1: 150-154.

  53. Makundi, R.H., A.W. Massawe, L.S. Mulungu and A. Katakweba, 2010. Species diversity and population dynamics of rodents in a farm‐fallow field mosaic system in central Tanzania. Afr. J. Ecol., 48: 313-320.
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  54. Mulungu, L.S., R.H. Makundi, A.W. Massawe, R.S. Machang'u and N.E. Mbije, 2008. Diversity and distribution of rodent and shrew species associated with variations in altitude on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Mammalia, 72: 178-185.
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  55. Mulungu, L.S., M. Mpinga and M.W. Mwatawala, 2008. Effect of mango weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damage on mango seed viability in Tanzania. J. Econ. Entomol., 101: 114-117.
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  56. Massawe, A.W., W. Rwamugira, H. Leirs, R.H. Makundi, L. Mulungu, V. Ngowo and R. Machang'u, 2008. Soil type limits population abundance of rodents in crop fields: Case study of the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834 in Tanzania. Integr. Zool., 3: 27-30.
    CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

  57. Massawe, A.W., F.P. Mrosso, R.H. Makundi and L.S. Mulungu, 2008. Breeding patterns of Arvicanthis neumanni in central Tanzania. Afr. J. Ecol., 46: 320-324.
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  58. Makundi, R.H., A.W. Massawe, L.S. Mulungu, A. Katakweba and T.J. Mbise and G. Mgode, 2008. Potential mammalian reservoirs in a bubonic plague outbreak focus in Mbulu District, northern Tanzania, in 2007. Mammalia, 72: 253-257.
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  59. Dlamini, N., S. Eiseb, F. Kirsten, T. Mahlaba and R. Makundi et al., 2008. The ECORAT project: Developing ecologically-based rodent management for the southern African region. Int. Pest Control, 50: 136-138.
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  60. Verheyen, W.N., J.L. Hulselmans, T. Dierckx, L.S. Mulungu, H. Leirs, M. Corti and E. Verheyen, 2007. The characterization of the Kilimanjaro Lophuromys aquilus True 1892 population and the description of five new Lophuromys species (Rodentia, Muridae). Bulletin l'Institut Royal Sci. Nat. Belgique, 77: 23-75.
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  61. Mulungu, L.S., R.H. Makundi, A.W. Massawe and H. Leirs, 2007. Relationship between sampling intensity and precision for estimating damage to maize caused by rodents. Integrat. Zool., 2: 131-135.
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  62. Mulungu, L.S., G. Lupenza, S.O.W.M. Reuben and R.N. Misangu, 2007. Evaluation of botanical products as stored grain protectant against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamays (L.) on maize. J. Entomol., 4: 258-262.
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  63. Mulungu, L.S., E.N. Luwondo, S.O.W.M. Reuben and R.N. Misangu, 2007. Effectiveness of local botanicals as protectants of stored beans(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) against bean bruchid (Zabrotes subfasciatus Boh) (Genera: Zabrotes. Family: Bruchidae). J. Entomol., 4: 210-217.
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  64. Misangu, R.N., M.S. Chipungahelo, S.O.W.M. Reuben and L.S. Mulungu, 2007. Plant development and yield. J. Entomol., 4: 337-341.
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  65. Misangu, R.N., A. Azimio, S.O.W.M. Reuben, P.M. Kusolwa and L.S. Mulungu, 2007. Path coefficient analysis among components of yield in bambara groundnut (Vignia subterranean L. Verdc) landraces under screen house conditions. J. Agronomy, 6: 317-323.

  66. Massawe, A., W. Rwamugira, H. Leirs, R.H. Makundi and L.S. Mulungu, 2007. Do farming practices influence population dynamics of rodents? A case study of the multimammate field rats, Mastomys natalensis, in Tanzania. Afr. J. Ecol., 45: 293-301.

  67. Makundi, R.H., A.W. Massawe and L.S. Mulungu, 2007. Reproduction and population dynamics of Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834 in an agricultural landscape in the Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Integrative Zool., 2: 233-238.
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  68. Makundi, R.H., A.W. Massawe and L.S. Mulungu, 2007. Breeding seasonality and population dynamics of three rodent species in the magamba forest reserve, Western Usambara Mountains, north‐east Tanzania. Afr. J. Ecol., 45: 17-21.
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  69. Skonhoft, A., H. Leirs, H.P. Andreassen, L.S. Mulungu and N.C. Stenset, 2006. The bioeconomics of controlling an African rodent pest species. J. Environ. Dev. Econ., 11: 453-475.
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  70. Reuben, S.O.W.M., S.N. Yahya, R.N. Misangu and L.S. Mulungu, 2006. Field evaluation on effects of common spices in the control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) pest of chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) commercial cultivar. Asian J. Plant Sci., 5: 85-90.
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  71. Reuben, S.O.W.M., M. Masunga, R. Makundi, R.N. Misangu, B. Kilonzo, 2006. Control of cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculates L.) in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculatus L.) grains using botanicals. Asian J. Plant Sci., 5: 91-97.
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  72. Mulungu, L.S., R.H. Makundi and A.W. Massawe, 2006. Characteristics of Rodent Damage to Major Crops in Tanzania and Crop Loss Assessment Techniques. In: Management of Selected Crop Pests in Tanzania, Makundi, R.H. (Ed.). Tanzania Publishing House Limited, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

  73. Mulungu, L.S., D.J. Mwailana, S.S.O.W. Reuben, J.P. Akwilin Tarimo, A.W. Massawe and R.H. Makundi, 2006. Evaluation on the effect of topping frequency on yield of two contrasting sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) genotypes. J. Applied Sci., 6: 1132-1137.
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  74. Massawe, A.W., R.H. Makundi and L.S. Mulungu, 2006. Vertebrate Pest and Their Management: A General Overview. In: Management of Selected Crop Pests in Tanzania, Makundi, R.H. (Ed.)., Tanzania Publishing House Limited, Tanzania, ISBN 9976 1 0210 0, pp: 236 – 247.

  75. Makundi, R.H., A.W. Massawe and L.S. Mulungu, 2006. Ecological Considerations for Management of Rodent Pests in Tanzania. In: Management of Selected Crop Pests in Tanzania, Makundi, R.H. (Ed.)., Tanzania Publishing House Limited, Tanzania, ISBN 9976 1 0210 0,.

  76. Makundi, R.H. and A.W. Massawe, 2006. Effect of seedbed type on yield and yield components of common bean {Phaseolus vulgaris L.) commercial cultivars. J. Agronomy, 5: 583-588.
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  77. Ngowo, V., L.S. Mulungu, J. Lodal, H. Leirs, A.W. Massawe and R.H. Makundi, 2005. Evaluation of thiram and cinnamamide for maize seeds protection against multimammate rat, Mastomys natalensis in maize fields in Tanzania. Belgian J. Zool., 135: 179-181.

  78. Mulungu, L.S., R.H. Makundi, A.W. Massawe, R.S. Machang'u, V. Ngowo and H. Leirs, 2005. Spatial pattern and distribution of rodent damage in maize fields in Tanzania. Belgian J. Zool., 135: 183-185.

  79. Msuya, D.G., S.O.W.M. Reuben, L.B. Mbilinyi, A.P. Maerere, T. Msogoya, L.S. Mulungu and R.N. Misangu, 2005. Evaluation of field performance and storage of some tropical short-day onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars. West Afr. J. Applied Ecol., 8: 115-127.
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  80. Massawe, A.W., W. Rwamugira, H. Leirs, R.H. Makundi and L.S. Mulungu, 2005. Influence of land preparation methods and vegetation cover on population abundance of Mastomys natalensis in Morogoro, Tanzania. Belgian J. Zool., 135: 187-190.
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  81. Makundi, R.H., A.W. Massawe and L.S. Mulungu, 2005. Rodent population fluctuations in three ecologically distinct locations in North-East, central and South-West Tanzania. Belgian J. Zool., 135: 159-165.

  82. Makundi, R.H., A. Bekele, H. Leirs, A.W. Massawe, W. Rwamugira and L.S. Mulungu, 2005. Farmers' perceptions of rodents as crop pests: A farmer participatory study in Tanzania and Ethiopia. Belgian J. Zool., 135: 153-157.
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  83. John, R.G., L.S. Mulungu, C.G. Ishengoma, S.O.W.M. Reuben and S.N. Msolla et al., 2005. Effect of organic mulch types on common biotic, abiotic factors and components of yield in determinate and indeterminate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) commercial cultivars. Asian J. Plant Sci., 4: 580-588.
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